Academic Success Essay

A lot of students think that learning is only in class. If students use two extra steps, most students will not forget what they learned in class. To achieve effective learning, students needed to follow two extra steps in the three strategic learning processes. The key to success is by following these three strategies. Review is essential to student success. Unless content is reviewed by students shortly after it is learned, it will soon be forgotten. To avoid forgetting what you learned, it is recommended to review daily. It is also recommended to reduce large volumes of notes into point form and to paraphrase what you have learned. Other helpful tips include creating concept maps and diagrams; creating fact, concept or vocabulary cards and using visualization to better connect to what you learned. These are all important tools to helping students better understand and memorize lesson content. The key to achieving academic success cannot be directly correlated to one specific area. Rather it requires students to be overall rounded in many different aspects. This includes attending class regularly to keep pace with the class. Falling behind in studies or homework can be detrimental to academic success and can induce stress onto students. Participating in class activities and discussions are also vital parts of learning and applying concepts learned. On the other hand, taking good, concise notes will always help in the long run when reviewing for tests and exams. To sum it all up, strategic learning is the password for many academic achievements. Being exposed to knowledge is the first step in the journey, the fact that young scholars can learn and be a part of history is a phenomenal step in furthering their search to success. Reviewing notes, in the way the young individual wishes, by him/herself, or with a good friend, this will help him/her to understand what has been learned in a way s/he understands. Lastly practice is a great way to memorise what has bee n learned, when practice achieves its full potential, the individual won’t only be entitled for a good mark, but also a way to view, under & think of things. Those three attributes will help scholars become more successful, but it’s important to one as it is to the other, and each and every person should find the learning strategies effectual for him/herself, and in extremely exceptional occasions even invent or innovate new strategies. Academic Success Essay Answer each question below in at least 75 words per question, reflecting on your current abilities, and identify resources to strengthen your skills. Refer to the videos, readings, and other weekly assignments to help you compose your answers. Question Your reflection How would you define academic readiness? See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay I would define academic readiness as being ready,willing and able to let yourself learn.Having the mindset to be ready to take on one of the hardest obstacles of your life.Learning new things doesn’t come easy to everyone.Especially me. I graduated high school 16 years ago,and vowed to never continue my education because I was scared and had low self-esteem.I learned over the years that I can do things,even if its hard or uncomfortable,if I set my mind to it.I am ready,academically,and personally to learn and to achieve my goals,because I need to be and deserve to be. What concerns, if any, do you have with academic writing and reading? I’m concerned mainly with writing essays.Since its been many years since I’ve had to write anything lengthy or of any real importance,I’m not very confident about it.I am,however,confident in my spelling and reading skills.I am looking forward to developing new skills in writing and learning how to put a good essay in order ,since there are many resources available to help me. What two university resources will you use to strengthen your writing and reading skills (refer to your Student Resources Worksheet)? The first resource I will be using is the Center for Writing Excellence.I can get live assistance,step by step guide’s and tutorials.I believe this will be a wonderful opportunity to learn different writing techniques and to make sure I am doing it all properly.The second resource I will utilize are the workshops.In my spare time,I will set a goal of at least 2 hours a week participating in a writing workshop to further my learning. What is your personal learning style (refer to the Ch. 1 Aplia homework)? I have learned  that I am kinesthetic.I never knew there were so many different types of learning before I started this class.I always knew,even as a child,that if the subject didn’t appeal to me personally,I couldn’t pay attention or learn anything.Knowing the information I know now,I understand why I always had such a hard tim e with math. I learn by feeling something emotionally or seeing something be done. Seeing and feeling is the way I connect to everything.Numbers is one thing I don’t comprehend easily,but I succeed in reading because I can emotionally get involved in a story. What are two obstacles you might need to overcome (refer to your Life Factors and personality assessments)? Learning how to manage my time more efficiently.I need to figure out how to manage being a wife,mother,employee and student all in one day.Another obstacle is learning how to handle stress.When I feel overwhelmed,It’s normally a very bad thing.I tend to freak out on everyone who means the most to me,which is something I need help with immediately.It’s not fair to my family. I’m going to be under alot of pressure juggling everything and I want to know how to properly deal with it. What strategies can you use to overcome these obstacles and be successful? I will get a calendar and start writing down my to-do l ist daily.I will set a time limit for each thing to manage my time correctly.As for my stress and anger,I will utilize the Life Resource Center. I am willing to take any advice given to me to help me become the best student,wife,mother and employee that I know I can be.I am willing and able to change,with the right guidance and techniques. How does knowing your personal learning style help you be successful? Knowing that I am kinesthetic and that I learn by seeing and feeling,makes me realize that I need to explore the other learning styles.Experimenting in other ways of learning,I may find that now that I’m older and more experienced at life,ways I learned when I was younger,may not be the only way I can learn now. I honestly haven’t had to learn anything academically for so many years,that trying a new style,might not be such a bad idea. Do you feel you are ready for the academic and financial commitment of attending college? Yes.The reason I am ready,is because I have been procrastinating way too long.Life doesn’t wait for you to keep saying â€Å"I’ll do it next month†¦next year,ect.†Life goes on,whether you’re ready or not.I’m 35 years old.My kids are growing up. Days fly by. You don’t know when your last day on Earth will  be.I’m ready. I’m ready to prove to myself and my family that I can achieve my dream. I’m ready to put my all into this,and I’m willing to work as hard as I can to pay for my expenses as well. How can goal setting and time management help you reach your goals? Goal setting and time management is extremely important,and also something I definitely need to improve. It will help me succeed in my dream of graduating and becoming a substance abuse counselor.I’ve never been very good at setting goals properly in the past,or managing my time wisely.Now,after I have read the chapter on the subject,I have learned ways of becoming more efficient with my time. Having goals in life is something everyone needs. Goals give you hope,and something to look forward to.Learning to make the most of your time will help you achieve these goals and make you a more productive person.

Black people Essay

Race and racial issues are all around us. Nobody can sneak behind a curtain, or tuck themselves away in a dark room to avoid this; there isn’t a way to escape racism. Our day to day lives are filled with stereotypes and overgeneralizations that make us think and judge the wrong way. We weren’t born into a race or into a category, but rather into a large melting pot. As Tim Wise said, majority of cops when asked â€Å"What would you assume about a Black or Latino male who lives in a shady neighborhood and has a nice, new car? † would respond â€Å"those men are more than likely drug dealers† just because of their race, when in fact, when compared to Black and Latino males, White males are four times more likely to be in possession of drugs at the time of an arrest. Our founders did not want this to be the case. Abraham Lincoln fought to end slavery and abolish the inequality between Human Beings, not guide us in to thinking the color of our skin shapes us and the opinions we create for others based on their â€Å"race†. Can you believe that ninety-four percent of White Americans believe that racial problems are a small issue like not being able to find the match to your shoe, whereas the other six percent are fully aware that this is a huge controversial issue? Those people who believe racism has dwindled down that much need to have an eye opener. Majority of â€Å"White Americans† are the ones who stereotype and categorize those of a different skin color. It is us â€Å"White Americans† who benefit from being the main race, and having the â€Å"White privilege†. More people need to go to a Black neighborhood and talk to those who see racism every day because in the area that about half of us live, racism is small compared to a large city. White privilege might have begun around the same time slavery had. White people, being the majority, saw the â€Å"new race† as an opportunity to become supreme ruler over something, to have large groups of people work for them. The African American community thought differently, and tried running away. Infuriated, the Whites began on a whole new level believing anyone who ran away from the plantation was sick. Slavery in general, helped create white privilege and stereotype all African Americans into the working type, and now the druggies. All these past experiences have made it harder for African Americans to strive in our society. In previous decades, they deliberately separated White and Black neighborhoods, and when a Black moved into a White neighborhood, the houses value and the neighborhoods value decreased just because the people who moved there were of a different color. It is absolutely ridiculous that racism is still around about just as much as it was seven years ago. Anybody with logical thinking would believe that it would have dwindled down to something less severe. Unfortunately, several towns are still divided and segregated because of race and skin color. I hope I get to see every race and skin color come together and work together fully, across the nation before I’m fifty, that’s thirty three years from now.

Green Tourism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Green Tourism - Coursework Example This research aims to identify best environmental practice in the area of tourism in the UK. It is hypothesised that green tourism, which has gained wide acceptance, benefits the organisation or business and the entire community that is taking advantage of a natural environment. Green tourism also promotes protection and preservation of the environment. True. But whilst we may promote tourism, profits in mind, let us not forget our environment. Governments and organisations, and every human being on this planet earth, have to do something good to the world and the environment in the midst of business and profits. With the sudden and so much advancement in technology, added with a fast-growing population, mother earth has truly suffered. Global warming is a big threat to humanity. Because of toxic pollution and environmental pollutants left behind by businesses which have no regard for the world, there is far great damage done to the environment and man. Tourism involves people, transient people, taking advantage of nature or the environment, and if they are not truly guided and informed of simple rules about proper use of the environment and nature, there will be destruction on the original creations of nature. Tourists, local or foreign, should be guided and allowed to admire nature and the environment properly, in the same way we deal with our business establishments and other structures, man-made and natural. There should be a way to handle them properly, and also a way to reciprocate this goodness of tourists from the establishments that the tourists or citizens are passing through. That is the aim of green tourism. We will conduct our research about environmental best practice on business establishments in England and Scotland and other parts of the UK. We will investigate green companies that bring the values of environmental sustainability into their everyday practices. This research will involve distribution of questionnaires and telephone interviews to determine the measures they are taking to preserve and protect the environment, and help attain sustainable development. We will also be surfing the web for websites of businesses and organisations with best environmental practices. In the course of our research, we will also feature case studies of organisations in their best environmental practice. We will highlight these case studies in and around England and Scotland to demonstrate our hypotheses. Research Objectives: Our research objectives / questions are: a. What best environmental measures are being practiced by green companies in the UK b. How can these practices be enhanced or improved c. What are the good practices of green tourism d. How is green tourism related to sustainable development e. How does green tourism help improve business Chapter 1 1.1 Background Businesses and organisations have programmes focused on best practice. In tourism, businesses are encouraged to joining organisations with green tourism themes and sustainable devel

The Emergency Evacuation and Quarantine Program Assignment

The Emergency Evacuation and Quarantine Program - Assignment Example Additionally, the CDC with the implementation of the programs has planned to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases and challenges associated with them. In this respect, it can be comprehended based on the evaluation that the CDC with the assistance of the programs will be facilitated in providing better health security. Â  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health institute, which operates in the United States of America (US). The organization was founded in the year 1946 with the aim of developing a better healthy society. Over the last sixty years, the organization has contributed an enormous amount of effort to cure various catastrophic issues. In order to attain the objectives, the organization has performed its operations with the help of the political council, government, business enterprises and non-governmental organizations in the US. The primary goals and objectives of the CDC are to improve the health of the people of the US through preventing as well as controlling the threats of catastrophic issues. Apart from this, the secondary objective is to improve the health measures through promoting health education activities (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). Â  The objective of the quarantine program of the CDC has been to eliminate the ill effects disaster. Thus, the CDC has targeted to improve the impact and the effectiveness of its emergency disaster operations along with preventing the non-communicable diseases in the US and certain other nations. Additionally, the CDC’s intention is to reduce the spread of infectious diseases for better protection of public health as well as safety. At the same time, the CDC has planned to assist other nations along with international agencies with different health measures to minimize the effects of the non-communicable diseases with the assistance of disease prevention and control programs for better health security.

Starting the lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starting the lesson - Essay Example The thinking maps discussed by John Hattie focus on the power of passionate teaching and cognitive engagement of students. Taking John Hattie’s quote from Paul Brock in his 2012 book ‘I want †¦ teachers †¦ to nurture and challenge my daughters’ intellectual and imaginative capacities†¦to care for Sophie and Millie with humanity and sensitivity†¦ to strive to maximize their potential.’ (Hattie, 2012) signifies the shift in the overall teaching domain. In this very book Professor Hattie has listed fourteen new interventions that were not a part of his Meta analysis and among those the most crucial one is teacher’s credibility. As mentioned in the abstract had the learning be a little more practical rather than subject oriented the teacher would have taught in a markedly improved fashion. It is important for the teachers to show genuine care and educate knowledge that can add to the students’ overall well being. The students w ho do well are the ones whose teachers are credible and the students perceive their credibility to the fullest. Therefore it is important for the teachers to enhance the effective learning process of the students by possessing the right amount of knowledge and facts and sharing their knowledge in a genuine way through modern teaching

Free or Abandon, the emergence of black ghetto Essay

Free or Abandon, the emergence of black ghetto - Essay Example Scope of the Author The author has broader and clear perception regarding the black community. He indicates that out of the forty-four existing settlers in Los Angeles, twenty-six were of African ancestry (Graaf 325). However, this number decreased rapidly following a census carried out in 1970. The results of the census disclosed that there were only twenty-two mulattoes out of a population of 150 individuals; however, a handful of Afro-Americans came to the city during the Spanish and Mexican era. Furthermore, the Afro-American element vanished virtually, although some present reports reveal that numerous famous landowners and political figures of California have African ancestry. Graaf continues to reveal that the first decades of American governance saw the influx of numerous families, particularly the family of Biddie Mason, into Los Angeles (Graaf 326). The Afro-American population grew from 12 to 102 families within the period of years between 1850 and 1880, which only transla tes into one percent of the general population of the state of California. Additionally, the land boom of 1888 led to the increase of the Afro-American population up to 1258 people. This translated into three percent of the general population of the state (Graaf 327). The land boom caused the increase of unemployment rate that stretched all over the state of California. ... Considering all the aforementioned factors Graaf argues that it is difficult to obtain any evidence that before 1900 there were any particular economical or other driving forces for African Americans to create ghetto-like urban areas within the black community. The employment setting of Afro-Americans contained signs of prejudice and starvation. Unemployment rate hit them hard and in 1893 they formed a body to guarantee jobs and land because the existing unions rejected their appeal for jobs. However, unemployment was not distinctive among the Afro-Americans and numerous factors lessened the aftermath of the Depression. However, Los Angeles felt the intensity of the panic in 1897. The majority of the Afro-Americans soon acquired service jobs and the inflow of whites generated a market for more jobs. Moreover, the depression neither discouraged the influx of other Afro-Americans into the city nor restricted the African Americans from expanding their businesses. Graaf also reveals that the racial hostility towards Afro-Americans declined abruptly. Los Angeles had desegregated its institutions and the state had incorporated a civil rights rule. Therefore, the Afro-American population enjoyed a spell of declining racial tension and a substantial degree of recognition. The number of Afro-Americans migrating to the state augmented abundantly between 1900 and 1920. This led to a multiplication of the Afro-American population with several migrants arriving from the Southern States. There were also intense efforts to increase the Afro-American population, such as Mass importation. Reports reveal that that the Pacific railroad conveyed almost 2000 Afro-Americans with an intention to end a

Contract Administration and Change Issues Assignment

Contract Administration and Change Issues - Assignment Example This role is critical in the management of projects as it compels the contractor to provide the necessary corrections to the project and stipulates to the contractor4 the consequences of failure to comply. Another important role of these officers regards the advice to the contractor on the liability of the contractor for the loss or damage to property acquired from the government for the achievement of the project. The role of the contractor ensures that the contractor gets information about this liability in order to guarantee that the tools are not destroyed or lost and in the circumstance, the loss or damage occurs the contractor becomes responsible for such loss or damage. On the other hand, improving the methods of creating contract schedules translates to the systematic execution of projects and improvement of the entire contract management process by the contractor. Improved contract scheduling ensures that the occurrence of activities set out in the contract, the duration of the time these activities take, and how the various activities undertaken in the project relate to each other. Improving contract scheduling also provides the layout of executing the program and provides methods of measuring contract progress. This ensures the accomplishment of the contract within the set out time and provides a method of ensuring achievement of set out goals in the required manner. Improving the contract scheduling process also assists in the identification, addresses any potential issues in the contract execution, and promotes accountability, in the process. Additionally, improving the contract scheduling process ensures scheduling of the key activities in the process in sequence in order to assign the required resources to these processes and provides for the integration of the key activities undertaken to ensure a viable result (John, Ralph & James 2006). Furthermore, these improvements in the scheduling process provide the performance of risk analysis in the pr ocess, therefore, facilitate the distribution of reserves to high-risk activities and provide float times between key activities to ensure completion as per the contract schedule. In regard to the situation in question, the expected role of the contracting officers included the notification of the contractor to changes in the project especially in regard to the EM’s salt water processing facility where the safety board of the Defense nuclear facilities made concerns about the ability of the completed project. Despite these concerns, the project development continued for a significant period. According to Glenn (2010), the contracting officer should have ensured that the concerns of the board were addressed immediately to reduce losses and delays. The report clearly provides that the failure of effective communication between the headquarters and the site officials resulted in this situation. The contracting officer should have ensured that the communication between the two re duced loses and delays because of rework on the project. In respect to the NNSA’s project at the national ignition facility, the role of the contracting officer should have incorporated the development of project schedules to ensure the proper integration of technologies between

Industrialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Industrialization - Essay Example The country had started as a young and weak nation with loose association of the former colonies and a traditional economy. The country had a major focus on agriculture and it was only now that the country was able move into mechanization. This had not only allowed for a bettered living situation for the normal Americans but also led to higher number of work available for the Americans as well. It was in 1851 that the change was very evident as the producers from various nations had gathered to celebrate the industrialization and this also led to higher number of jobs available for the people of the country. The American economy had emerged to become one of the largest and most productive on the globe and this had led to the major changes in the society, it led to urban population growth and rural population decline. Also the nature of the labor also changes to a great extent. The cities grew and the urban areas of the country expanded fivefold. Also there was an explosion in the gro wth of the big cities and the industrial revolution and its effects are seen even until the current day. Overall the industrialization has led to a large hop in the economy of the country along with the general public receiving a lot out of the changes as well. It has been a complete win – win situation for both the nation as well the ordinary

Economic measurements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic measurements - Essay Example Negative real gross domestic product indicates lower incomes, lower consumption and poor standard of living (Brezina 24). Largely, gross domestic product is a better economic indicator than its alternatives despite its shortcomings. Production is one of the ways of estimating a country’s gross domestic product. Using production in estimating the gross domestic product requires the subtraction of inputs used in the production process from the value of the final output. The value of the final good incorporates the value of inputs and the expertise used in manufacturing and caution is needed not to overestimate the gross domestic product. Overestimation of the gross domestic product happens when outputs are double-counted. Double counting is avoided by calculating and aggregating the value-added at different stages of production. The aggregate is called gross value added, it needs adjustment for taxes, and subsidies in order to derive a gross domestic product estimate (Stiglitz et al 112). Gross domestic product is an applauded economic indicator because it factors in inflation. This allows investors and firms to compare incumbent trends with previous periods. It does well in capturing the heath of an economy and it has a significant influence on markets (NAS 25). Gross domestic product is able to mark the beginning and the end of an economic recession. Gross domestic product is limited by its periodical release because its data may not be timely in capturing some changes in the economy. Its sensitivity to revision is a limitation as it can have significant changes in historical figures (Fioramonti 85). Alternatives to gross domestic product in measuring the economic growth and health of a country include green accounting that factor in the environmental impacts of production. There are alternatives that take into account leisure. Index of sustainable

How much IT involved in Auditing to (reduce Duration, Cost and Dissertation

How much IT involved in Auditing to (reduce Duration, Cost and increase Efficiency and Effectiveness), compare and contrast stud - Dissertation Example To analyse the actual scenario, this research work has adopted qualitative survey method for collecting data about the research scenario. Data have been collected from twelve different organisations that have implemented IT based auditing tools. The data collected were interpreted properly and subjected to Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis to obtain the results of the research. It has been found that IT based auditing tools reduce the time of analysis and data retrieval. They provide good availability of data. They are more accurate, efficient and effective in conducting audit procedures. The cost involved in implementing and maintain them is considerably more. Comparing United Kingdom and Kurdistan, United Kingdom is more extensively using IT based audit tools than Kurdistan. Table of contents Chapter 1 - Research Introduction 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Research Scenario 1.3. Statement of the research Problem 1.4. Aim of the Research 1.5. Main Research Ques tion and Hypotheses 1.6. Scope and Significance of this Research 1.7. Methodology of Research 1.8. Qualitative survey method 1.9. Data collecting instrument 1.10. ... Chapter Summary Chapter 3 –Research Methodology 3.1. Research Methods 3.2. Qualitative survey method 3.3. Qualitative Sampling 3.4. Qualitative Data Collection 3.5. The Qualitative Questionnaire 3.6. Validity and Limitations of the data 3.7. Chapter Summary Chapter 4 - Research Data Analysis 4.1. Qualitative Data representation 4.2. General Qualitative Data Analysis 4.3. SWOT analysis 4.4. SWOT analysis of qualitative data 4.5. SWOT analysis of Research data 4.6. Chapter summary Chapter 5 – Discussion of Results 5.1. Discussion of Results 5.2. Hypotheses testing with SWOT factors 5.3. Recommendations Chapter 6 – Research Conclusion References List of tables Table4.1. SWOT factors in table form List of figures Figure. 2.1. IT in different stages of auditing Fig.4.1. The SWOT matrix representation of the factors. Chapter 1 - Research Introduction 1.1. Introduction: This chapter provides an introduction about this research work with the research problem statement, a im of the research, main research question and the methodology of research to be adopted. 1.2. Research Scenario: The methods of auditing have changed significantly in the recent past due to the advancements in IT. Notable standards for the effectiveness in auditing have evolved. The quality of auditing is critical for financial reporting and auditing (FRC, 2008). Auditing involves the presentation and discussion of financial statements of an organisation. The discussion may be among the audit team and the top level management. Auditing is considered to be critical activity in view of the overall capital assets and market confidence. Present auditing practices are quite adequate but their data authenticity is less. This may be detrimental to an organisation as they suffer from

High School and Tina Essay Example for Free

High School and Tina Essay Even my mother knows I am wasting my time there. Counselor- What makes you dis-like school and hate everyone? Tina- I just do. Everyone picks on me and bullies me. I don’t fit in. No one cares what happens to me. Counselor- Well what makes think you don’t fit in? Tina- I don’t get along with anyone. I think the kids don’t like me because I am fat. Counselor- So that’s why you don’t think you fit in with your peers. Tina- SILENCE Yeah, I am always late, I am in trouble all the time, and dumb. I am overweight and so is my family. It’s really embarrassing cuz (because) they don’t care about anything, especially me. Counselor- I see talking about your family makes you really upset. Have you talked to your mom about how you feel about school? Tina- No. Not really. Counselor- Maybe you can sit down and talk to her about your grade and how you feel. Tina- Why should I talk to her about school and what I feel when she doesn’t even show up for parent teacher meetings? Counselor- Has she told you why she does not go to the meetings. Tina- Yeah, she told me she is too ill to go and I am just fine at home. Counselor- Would you like to do better in school and go on to the 8th grade. Tina- No, I give up with school. Counselor- What would you do if you dropped out? How would you get a job? Tina- I do not know. I would become a hair dresser; you don’t need school for that. Counselor- Is that what you want to do? Tina- Yeah, I like doing hair. Counselor- Did you know that you need a high school diploma for beauty school? Tina- Really No I didn’t know. Counselor- So how do you think you will get in if you don’t finish seventh grade. Tina- I guess I do need to finish seventh grade. Counselor- Alright, how about we look for a good technical school that offers cosmetology so you can work on becoming a hair dresser? Does that sound like a good idea? Tina- Yeah that sounds good, I like that idea. Counselor First we need to get through the end of 7th grade and move on to 8th. Tina- I can do that, but getting to school is difficult. Counselor What about getting up one hour earlier and getting mom up as well? Tina- Maybe, I do only get up 5 minutes before I school starts. Counselor- So getting up earlier and going to bed a little earlier is a goal you can work on. Tina- Ok, I would like that. I need to go to bed earlier. I am actually really excited. I can’t wait to go home and look up beauty schools and new styles. Then maybe I can make some new friends to because I can do their hair. Counselor- I am glad you have something you aspire to. You have a great positive attitude. I could see you making a great beautician. I am looking forward to hearing about some research you did and new hair styles you have looked at. I would like to work on getting your grades up so you can get into that technical school. Are you wanted to tell mom what you want to do when you pass? . Tina- Yeah, I cannot wait to tell her. I think she will be excited with me. Thanks.

Hospitality Industry PESTEL Analysis

Hospitality Industry PESTEL Analysis The process of conducting research on the business environment within which the organization operates and on the organization itself, in order to formulate and implementation of strategy for future business operations can be mentioned as Strategic analysis of hospitality organization. To do the assessment can use number of tools to process of strategic analysis, including PEST (sometimes PESTLE) for analyze external environment and, SWOT analysis use for the internal environmental scanning, and Michael Porters five forces model use to assists to understand the competitive forces, the attractiveness and current position in the industry. An effective way to know the past, present and future potentials regarding the industry development is analyzing the industry background as the part of strategic analysis. The External analysis can assess the factors affecting the industry to be existed including political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental which have great impacts to run the business and use PESTLE analysis. In any industry which it is domestic or international, whether relating to products or services, the rules of competition are personified in five competitive forces of entry of new competitors, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry among the existing competitors. According to Porter, one of the crucial determinants of firm profitability is industrial attractiveness. In this assignment, a strategic analysis of the Galadhari hotel which is in hospitality industry has been done through the combination of both theoretical and practical facts regarding this property including organizational background and industry background of this hospitality sector in Sri Lanka, an assessment of the forces affecting the external environment (the use of PESTLE analysis) and an assessment of the attractiveness of this industry (the use of Porters 5 forces) regarding the future strategic action to grab more hospitality market share. Background of the industry and about Organization By concerning about the Sri Lankan market of tourism there can be seen growth in the tourist market. All this euphoria gives rise to the doubt about whether Sri Lanka Tourism is well on the way to recovery and growth or not. For the last seven months that ended July this year (2010), arrivals are up almost 50% year-on-year (YOY) (341,991), with income also keeping pace at 69% growth (Quarter 2; US$ 244.5 million). The hotel and travel Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) index has been increased by almost 200% for 2009. Today tourism is running on everyones minds, and it is difficult to open a local newspaper without seeing at least one written article on tourism. The reason for the dramatic improvement in Sri Lankas tourism data is the victory of war in May 2009. This would be a remarkable result when compared with other regional tourism destinations. Another reason for this improvement was the leader of the terrorist has killed and there is reason for cautious optimism that the social situation in Sri Lanka can improve rapidly. We can hope the company can take advantage of the peace dividend by increasing the number of destinations the airline serves. Hotel Galadhari is one of the leading five star luxury hotels in the Sri Lanka. The story of the Galadari Hotel, Colombo which opened its doors in 1984, is a splendid tale of continual improvement of product and highest standard of quality in hospitality over the past 25 years. The vision beliefs of the hotel is firmly grounded in extending a true personalized service to all our guests, laced with an unforgettable luxury hotel experience with the finest traditions of international hotel-keeping. The Galadari Hotel, Colombo, meticulous about maintaining the privacy of its guests has drawn in many an elite personality from around the world such as heads of government, prime ministers of leading nations, royalty, well known sports music personalities over the past two and half decades. Situated in Colombo city with many a historical building within walking distance and a panoramic view of the magnificent Indian ocean, the Galadari Hotel offers a rich blend ofÂÂ  service and quality in five star luxury living with 450 room super luxury hotel in Sri Lanka that overlooks the Indian Ocean and is adjacent to the Presidential Secretariat, Banks and the World Trade Center, with easy access to the shopping areas in Colombo. In hotel they are so many facilities are available, coffee shop lobby bar, chines restaurant, Scheherazade Arabic restaurant, pastry shop and garden terrace, karaoke, pub and also have health club and pool, body care and massage therapy ,bed-and-breakfast hospitality properties are available to accommodate the guests and the basic requirements of their comfortable stay. Hospitality sector is a great source of income generation for the new investors.For instance, annual turnover (in2008) was Rs. 164 (million), operating profit (in2008) was Rs.13.65(million), growth in turnover (in 2009) was 25 percent, number of rooms is 450 rooms, average occupancy rate was 80 percent and growth in local hospitality sector is 15 percent. Now, it is easy to understand that how much revenue earning Galadhari hotel in its sector of hospitality. Mission of Hotel Galadari We are exceptional operators of contemporary 4 and 5 star hotels and create value in every encounter with our owners, guests and associates. Vision Exceptional and personalized service, exceeding expectations, and inspiring a connection to our brand in the experiences we provide. Values Exceptional Service Company understand that the value can be created with every encounter and this is reflected in its superior standard of service. Integrity honest and straightforward in our interactions with hotel owners, guests, colleagues and the communities in which hotel operate Respect Hotel Galadari respect the objectives of our stakeholders, the values of its guests, and the cultural difference in the locations that it operate. Teamwork and Passion We bring our individual expertise, creativity and passion for industry as a Hotel Galadari team member. Continuous Improvement Hotel is innovative and utilizes best practices to continually improve its management techniques, and the quality of products and services. Strengths and Weakness Strengths Visitors from Western Europe also prefer to stay in hotels in the southern coastal belt where the main attraction is the beaches. So Location of the Hotel Galadhari is strength to the organization to enhance their businesses. There has also been a downturn in the arrival of Indians, who prefer Colombo hotels. Colombo city hotels have been able to maintain higher occupancy levels than hotels on the southern coastal belt because of more business travelers, and special visitors such as those coming for conferences. Hence Galadhari also have more business opportunities in the Colombo city. Since then the leisure sector has under-performed hugely, and Galadhari hotel has more facilities to spend the day more leisurely. Well expertise work group has Galadhari to give satisfied service to their customers Weaknesses The location of the hotel is in the high security zone in Colombo which is Located in Galle Face Green promenade and with views over the Indian Ocean, this property offers a high level of service and security. Hence it could get difficulties to the tourists. Situated right next to the World Trade Center and the Presidents Residence, the hotel enjoys the most secure part of the city. The distance to hotel between airport is very far and gets more time to re ach hotel. It could cause to the business conferences which are held in the hotel. The main purpose of the established of Galadari Hotel is to attract the overseas seminars conferences to the Sri Lanka. Because of the distance to Airport and hotel is too far and get more time to reach to the destination. And also the traffic on the roads is mainly impact to the time it takes to come to the hotel. Because of these reasons the main purpose has not been achieved. Galadhari has only few room facilities and they have enough land to build new hotel rooms in their own land. Hotels Galadhari has high gearing, high costs to maintain staff, and for refurbishment. Factors affecting the external environment in hospitality In strategic planning, external analysis of hospitality industry has been done with the use of PESTLE analysis and Porters 5 (five) forces in defining the strategy, making decisions on allocating resources to pursue the strategy. Source: http://www.sltda.lk/sites/default/files/Statistics_book.pdf (Access: 15th September 2010) Source: http://www.sltda.lk/sites/default/files/Statistics_book.pdf (Access: 15th September 2010) PESTLE Analysis (P)olitical Factors In Sri Lanka it is socialist republic, state. The government is a mixture of the parliamentary and presidential system. Head of the state is president and current President is Mr. Mahinda Rajapaksha and he is the chief of armed forces and head of government. When the companies formulate and implement the strategies the political arena has a huge impact upon the regulation of businesses, and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. We have to concern about how stable is the political environment, influence of polices, laws that regulate or tax your business, What is the governments position on marketing ethics, governments policy on the economy, government view on culture and religion, government involvement in trading agreements. State has main responsibility to facilitate to the tourists and funding to the tourism products development projects and do promotions to attract the tourists to the country. On the other hand government has to encourage local and foreign investors to invest their money to develop tourism products and liberate taxes. To growth of the tourism infrastructure facilities are directly affect. So government has the main responsibility to develop and maintain infrastructure. Educated workforce in international standard is also important to give good and satisfactory service to the customers. Because of that government has make rules and regulations to standardize. A change in government party is directly impact to the any industry in the country because their policies it will effect to run the business. When the government strict their security policies it highly impact to the Galadhari hotel. Because tourist who are coming to the hotel. It leads to waste time and may be getting bad image among the tourists. The Tourism Act No 38 of 2005 came into effect in October 2007. With the flow of the new Tourism act, the Sri Lanka Tourist Board Act No 10 of 1966, which was in effect for the past 41 years, was replaced. In terms of the requirements contained in the new act, the Tourism Development Fund was officially constituted, with 2 main sources remitting finances to the fund. By way of 1/3 of the Airport Tax collections and 1% of the Turnover of all Sri Lanka Tourist Board registered establishments. The Act provided for the setting up of the Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority, thereby replacing the Sri Lanka Tourist Board. (E)conomic factors In Sri Lanka it has open economy and the Gross Domestic Pproduct grew at an average annual rate of 5.5% in the country. In Sri Lanka service sector is strong in the economy and it indicate 58%, fro agriculture its 12.8% and from industry 29.2%. Almost everyone talks about Sri Lanka tourism being the engine of growth and expects it to play a pivotal role in the economy and it has improved in 6% in this year. Tourism give benefits to the economy as well as it are the cost to the economy. Tourism process also involves economic costs, including the direct costs incurred by tourism businesses, government costs for infrastructure to better serve tourists, congestion and related costs borne by individuals in the community. Economic impacts are also become crucial factors in marketing and management decisions which are directly effecting. Communities therefore need to understand the relative importance of tourism to their region, state or community. Tourism provides great opportunities for regional development particularly for regional areas undergoing structural change. Being a labor intensive industry, with the right motivation tourism can deliver great employment and training opportunities particularly for young people who like to be professionals in this field. (S)ocial Factor Sri Lanka being a multi-religious, multi-ethnic country with a population of 22 million pluss Lankan culture is a rich blend of the interaction of diverse cultural patterns both indigenous and derived from, trade, religions which are Buddhism 69%, Islam 15%, hinduism 8%, Christianity 8%. The cultural patterns of Sri Lanka today show the lasting impact of a diverse range of cultures.. The overall culture is largely the result of the impact of the introduction of Buddhism, more than 2,300 years ago and Hinduism the second most prevalent religion in Sri Lanka. This does not erase the heavy influence of Hinduism, together with the lesser impact of Islam, and Christianity. By concerning about the education background the literacy rate of 92%, and 83% of the total population having had secondary education in the country. Sri Lanka has one of the most literate populations amongst developing countries. Tourists appreciate the hospitality of Sri Lankan People. When the hotel Galadhari provide the services like cabare dancing, supplying prostitutes are not suitable to the Sri Lankan culture. The bad effects of the tourism can said that tourism has affected the values of our people, particularly our youth. It is true that some tourists engage in anti social acts. Some of the tourists are drug addicts or perverts and corrupt our youth and they spread incurable diseases such as aids. But we should keep in mind that all the tourists are not black sheep. (T)echnological Factors Technological factors are also important fact which effect to the hotel industry in many ways which are comprises the utilization of the latest inventions and technologies facilitate the business activities which are digital telephone facilities, broadband Internet connection, Wi-Fi technology, multimedia projector, LCD screens, online reservation systems, property management software and online information exchange program (Point of Sale) etc. Now a days technology is rapidly changing in the world day by day. As the five star hotel Galadhari should doubt to the new technology in the market. It will help the organization to have competitive advantages. Technology can used to reservation, online services like online booking, do the promotions. The rapid development of technology is affecting the businesses in Sri Lanka and all over the world. Changes in the technology have changed the way businesses operate i.e. Internet booking for tickets and holidays. Faster changing development in technology creates a need to react quickly for different businesses in order they want to maintain the competitive environment by providing the same innovative services, which their competitors are offering. Distribution of products by the use of technologies. (L)egal Factor When concerning about the legal factors include tourism act, discrimination law, consumer law, employment law and health and safety. These factors can affect how a hotel operates, its costs, and the demand for its products in tourist industry. The Tourism Act No 38 of 2005 came into consequence in October 2007. With the flow of the new Tourism act, the Sri Lanka Tourist Board Act No 10 of 1966, which was in achieve for the past more than forty years, was replaced. In conditions of the supplies controlled in the new act, the Tourism Development Fund was legally constituted, with two main sources remitting funds to the fund. By way of 1/3 of the Airport Tax collections and 1% of the earnings of all Sri Lanka Tourist Board registered establishments. Attracting and promotion is handled by the Tourism Promotion Bureau. Tourism HRD functions and the Hotels School operations are undertaken by the Sri Lanka Institute of Tourism Hotel Management. The Sri Lanka Convention Bureau was also restructured as a statutory body like other Institutions to be managed by an independent Board of Management (E)nvironmental Factor Hotel Galadhari is situated in the Colombo and in Colombo it hasnt proper drainage disposal system and the hotel dispose its drainage to the sea. Because of that so many environmental issues occurred around that. When we promote tourism there are thousands and thousands of tourists unleashed annually in the country, without proper planning, there is bound to be serious environmental and sustainability issues. Such large-scale and fast track growth has to be carefully planned and managed within specific tourism zones to prevent environmental and cultural degradation. Individual hotel developments will not suffice. Such well-planned, large-scale tourist resorts can be designed to encompass sound sustainable environmental practices (e.g., common self-contained sewage disposal facilities with recycling of water, solar lighting for resort public areas, no-build green belts within resorts, etc). Such organized and well-managed, large-scale developments contained in several designated zones will help mitigate most of the possible negative fallout of the socio-cultural and environmental aspects. Building and subsequent maintenance should be under strict environmentally-sustainable guidelines. Hotel industry directly affect to the environmental pollution in the country. As the five stars category hotel, Galadhari has the responsibility to protect our environment and also developments in the country and have to think about the pollution Assessing the Attractiveness of the Hotel in the Industry Threat of new entity According to tourism act the new entrant has to abide by this regulation to establish a hotel as well as charges for the services. In the business arena, the number of competitors increases when any business organization makes good profit and has a good potentiality for future. According to current situation, entry barriers are high and exit barriers are low, few new firms can enter into the industry and poorly performing firms can easily exit. After the war Sri Lankan government has opened the market to new investors to invest their money to build new hotels as the hotel industry is now booming in the country. In that situation so many hotels are building in the north area and customers willing to go in those areas. New entities are use new technology and specialist knowledge to develop their business and it may be affect growth of the business of Galadhari hotel. There are factors related with the threats of new entrants in the hotel industry in Sri Lanka which are as follows- Easy credit facilities for new entrepreneurs in hospitality industry and Legal supports from the government for local entrepreneurs Infrastructure development Policies for foreign investors to establish world-class organization including tax exemptions, ownership, duty, tax law and remittance, National Tourism Policy and Vision to boost up the tourism and hospitality industry, Fewer numbers of competitors in the current marketplace. (Only 5 five-star hotels in Sri Lanka). Higher profit margin Threat of substitute products As the hotel industry specifically targets on accommodation, entertainment and fooding facilities, the substitutes of these facilities may include other food industries (fast food and restaurants), entertainment (bar, discos, clubs etc.) and for accommodation facilities sharing with private establishment (visiting friends and relatives) and others related with accommodation facilities. Every customer looks for high perceive value in their owned products. Substitute products are goods and services from outside a given industry that perform similar or the same function as a product that the industry produces. In this context, many organizations focus on their competitors rather than substitute products and the market share declines concurrently, therefore the market strategies should be flexible to cope with such threats. In the hospitality industry, the substitutes may include various types of guest houses, inns, motels, private-owned guest houses, condominiums, small boutique hotels, bread-and-breakfast hotels and apartment hotels which might be the threats for a specific star-category hotel like Galadhari. In this current marketplace, there are many substitutes of the star-category hotels in Colombo for accommodation Jaj -Samudra, Gall face Hotel, Hilton, Mount Lavinia,.; for food KFC, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, BFC, Pizza Corner, Dominos Pizza etc.; for entertainment night Clubs, many more which might distract the customers rather than the hospitality industry to have the products and services of a hotel. Competitive Rivalry among existing players In the conventional financial mock-up, contest between rival companies drives profits to zero and is not ideal and companies are not simple inactive price takers. Rather, companies struggle for a competitive benefit over their rivals. The strength of rivalry among firms varies across industries, and tactical analysts are paying attention in these differences. In this current competitive period, the tough contest among business organizations increases when number of competitors are in the same marketplace based on their products categories, target markets, types of services, financial affordability, volume of the organization, profitability and potentiality of the market trends for long term business. In this case, price discount, special offers, lower profit margin and turn down in the market share are generally occurring between competitors. In Colombo, the rivalry among competitors is really high as this hospitality is a booming sector in Sri Lanka and only few competitors in the five-star category hotels in Sri Lanka to serve the customers. Moreover, the customers are trying to defend each other through products variation, service quality improvement, defining new target markets, exploring new products innovation and development and providing exclusive facilities to the guests. The competitive rivalry is happening in hospitality industry in the Sri Lanka and it is also affect to the hotel like Galadhari. When the company implements their strategies they should have Varity in their products and services. Bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers can play one of the main roles in developing or declining the reflection of an organization .When the suppliers are more, the bargaining power of them generally goes down whereas fewer suppliers can demand more benefits from the organization. Suppliers are those firms or individuals that provide contribution into the creation of an industrys production on time. It could be in forms of resources and raw materials, services, employment, direct products and others obligatory stuff by the organization. Now a day most of the services have out source in the companies. In the hotel industry, the suppliers are involved in various departments including rooms, food and beverages, IT, guest and travel bookings, security assurance, property management, transport, ensuring business facilities etc. The suppliers in case of hotel of Galadhari is including travel agents and tour operators for guest reservations as well as corporate clients, educational institutions for manpower supply, IT firms for property management software and IT solutions, local importers for international food and beverages supply, security agents for safety and security, local rent-a-car for special arrangement etc. Bargaining power of customers One of the main parties is customer in every organization. Customers mean consumers or intermediaries those who buy the production of an organization to have or resell it to someone else in the market. If there are various products and huge competition, customer bargaining power rises up and vice versa. The bargaining power of customers depends on some factors like requirements of the customers, time and convenience to the desired destinations and thus, they can easily toggle into another product. By considering the hotel industry in Sri Lanka, the bargaining power of customers are very high and they have enough options to toggle into another hotels by comparing in terms of costs, quality of service, product categories and special offers provided particularly for group bookings and long-term stay. Sometimes Galadhari hotel has rack rate of the hotel facilities. In the pick seasons like December, the bargaining power of the customers becomes lower and lower. When in the tourism season the hotel has unbearable customers and their bargaining power also very high in this season. 7.0 Conclusion The process of conducting research on the business environment within which the organization operates and on the organization itself, in order to formulate and implementation of strategy for future business operations can be mentioned as Strategic analysis of hospitality organization. To do the assessment can use number of tools to process of strategic analysis, including PEST (sometimes PESTLE) for analyze external environment and, SWOT analysis use for the internal environmental scanning, and Michael Porters five forces model use to assists to understand the competitive forces, the attractiveness and current position in the industry.

Cell Adhesion Molecules in Olfactory Connection Formation

Cell Adhesion Molecules in Olfactory Connection Formation This dissertation study investigated expression, function and the regulatory mechanism of cell adhesion molecules in the formation of olfactory connections. Identification and characterization of a novel protocadherin, Pcdh20, provided additional evidence that multiple cell adhesion molecules are involved in the development of the olfactory system. In combination with several established studies by Sakano and Yoshihara’s group, my study further supports the neural identity model and provides a regulatory mechanism involving MeCP2 in the establishment and maintenance of this combinatory cell adhesion molecule expression in the olfactory sensory neurons. OR identity in correlation with cell adhesion molecule expression Though many cell adhesion molecule expression patterns were described, few of them were correlated with specific ORs. On the other side of the coin, it is also unknown whether a specific OR is correlated with a specific set of cell adhesion molecules throughout development. In adult mice, Pcdh20 expression is in a subpopulation of OSNs and their axons terminate in a small number of discrete Pcdh20-positive glomeruli in the OB. Interestingly, the distribution and numbers of Pcdh20-positive glomeruli are markedly different across gender. More Pcdh20-positive glomeruli with a wider distribution pattern are observed in the male OB, whereas fewer glomeruli with more restricted clustering of Pcdh20-positive glomeruli are found in female OB. The sexually dimorphic expression of Pcdh20 suggests that there may be different ORs associated with Pcdh20 in different sexes. 103 If Pcdh20 expression is correlated with specific OR expression, identification of Pcdh20 associated ORs could reveal possible sex-specific OR expression and aid in further investigation of OR-specific ligand function. In previous studies, cDNA libraries from a single OSN were obtained. OR expression in a single OSN can be identified by PCR using degenerate primers (Dulac and Axel, 1995). In collaboration with Dr. T. Cutforth from Stanford University, I have initiated this study by isolating single OSNs by dissociation of OE and attempting to identify Pcdh20 expressing cells by PCR. Several attempts were made to confirm OR expression using degenerate primers designed by L. Buck (Buck and Axel, 1989). Though I will not be able to complete this study during my dissertation research, identification of Pcdh20 associated ORs will provide important insight into not only OR and CAM association but also understanding of differential OR gene expression in different sexes and whether or not the main OB is related to pheromone recognition. Neuronal activity and regulation of cell adhesion molecule expression Neuronal activity results in long term changes in neurons by regulating gene expression. OSNs constantly respond to external stimuli throughout the life of the animal. Using genetic models and surgical manipulations, it is shown that blocking odorant evoked activity alters the expression of selected cell adhesion molecules. Even though regulation of cell adhesion molecule expression is important for the formation of olfactory axonal converge into glomeruli, the regulatory mechanism of gene expression is undetermined. I reported here that olfactory axon convergence is disrupted in MeCP2 null mice. Furthermore, I also obtained evidence that MeCP2 directly regulated Kirrel 2/3 expression. In MeCP2 KO mice, significant increases in Kirrel2/3 gene transcripts were observed in OE, suggesting that MeCP2 is a transcription suppressor for Kirrel 2/3 gene expression. In addition, my data provide evidence that MeCP2 function is regulated by neuronal activity. With the presence of odorant evoked 104 activity, MeCP2 is phosphorylated at Serine80 and also possesses enhanced binding affinity to promoters of Kirrel2 and Kirrel3 genes. Though MeCP2 increased its binding to promoters of both Kirrel2 and Kirrel3, transcript level changes are markedly different between Kirrel2 and Kirrel3 under odorant stimulation. Other transcription factors were shown to be regulated by neuronal activity. It is likely that both Kirrel2 and Kirrel3 are regulated under multiple neural activity dependent transcription factors. We propose a model in which a balanced transcriptional regulation from both repressors (like MeCP2) and enhancers (like CREB, MEF) determines the expression levels of Kirrel2 and Kirrel3. When both repressor and enhancer are under neural activity regulation, how the balance tilts will determine whether Kirrel2/3 expression will be up- or down-regulated in OSNs. In this study, the olfactory system serves as an excellent model system to study gene regulation of MeCP2 by neuronal activity at physiological levels. Previously, the mechanism of MeCP2 on gene expression regulation by neuronal activity was only studied in vitro. The brain is composed of heterogeneous cells and their neuronal circuits are extremely complex. In contrast, the OE is composed of a single type of neuron. This property provides an opportunity to study neuronal subtype specific MeCP2 function. In addition, the olfactory system provides an excellent system to study the effect of neuronal activity due to it accessibility. Odorant stimulation can be given to the OSNs in the nasal cavity to allow investigation of gene regulation under physiological level of stimulation. To further investigate the model we proposed, it is important to elucidate the full spectrum of MeCP2 target gene regulation. Future study should be done to screen MeCP2 target binding through ChIP-Chip analysi s. MeCP2 binding sequence will provide information in the target genes they regulate in the OSNs. To further provide or block odorant evoked activity, changes in MeCP2 binding will allow us to identify target genes that are activity dependent. Furthermore, identification of odorant evoked activity dependent transcription enhancers in OSNs will allow further  validation of the regulatory model we proposed here. Understanding neural activity dependent MeCP2 function is critical in elucidating the mechanisms of Rett Syndrome. Though rapid progress has been made in the identification of MeCP2 targeting genes, we still do not understand how changes in gene expression result in neuronal structural and functional changes. Rett Syndrome is exacerbated during the early postnatal period. Neural activity plays a critical role in this process. Understanding the relationship between physiological levels of neuronal activity and MeCP2 regulation is the obvious next challenge. The olfactory system provides an excellent model for the easy manipulation of activity stimulation and examination of subtle axonal targeting defects. This study established that cell adhesion molecules are regulated by MeCP2 in an activity dependent manner. Further genomic analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of MeCP2 regulation of gene expression and could help in the development of treatment strategies for Rett Sy ndrome.

Medieval England :: essays research papers fc

Medieval England It is said that 'An apple a day keeps the dentist away.' This has become a common saying among Society today. We do not stop to think of how it reflects our outlook of Medicine in our lives. We have come to understand the value of simple practices in order to keep ourselves healthy. This is not, however, the case of Medieval England. Most 'medical practices' of the time were based upon superstition, ancient texts, myth, or the direction of the church. Medical practices of Medieval England often based upon nothing more than superstition proved unbeneficial if not harmful to the people of England. Part of the obvious problem was the fact that the common person had little care or sense for improving their own health. The life and livelihood of an average person was less than desirable even from the time of birth. In the villages chronic inbreeding must have produced many children who started life with a built in weakness, either mental or physical. Many would die in childhood, but others who grew into manhood, might drag out a useless existance, dependent on charity for their sustenance. In general, infant mortality was extremely heavy....Once the child was free to crawl about among the unsanitary rushes, with a child's natural instinct to put everything into its mouth, it is a wonder that any survived. Fromt then on disease and accident would provide ample scope for a medical service, which was virtually non-existent. (Tomkeieff 119). Furthermore, the collective knowledge (what little there was) was held and practiced by Monks in Monasteries. In summary of medical practice to the end of 1400, it may be said medicine was practiced mostly by the clerics in monasteries and the laity whose locus of operation was the apothecary shop. The physician thought surgery was beneath his dignity (to have blood on his hands and clothes) and left this to uneducated 'barbers' The practitioner carried the title 'Master,' whereas teachers carried the title 'Doctor' The physician was little advanced over the knowledge of Galen's time. They still believed in the Doctrine of four humours, making diagnoses by inspection of the blood and urine. Most of the therapeutic measures included blood letting, steam baths, amulets, spells, hexes, prayers, the king's touch, and polypharmacy known as theriaca. (Snyder 1). The problem is furthered by the fact that these 'practices' proved of little benefit. Most of these had no scientific basis and were instead rooted in superstition and/or the church. "The concern of Christian theology, on the other hand, was to cure the soul rather than the body; disease usually was

Subarctic phenomena :: weather

Subarctic phenomena Aurora Borealis The aurora has long fascinated people in northern latitudes. The aurora was subject to much mythology amongst Northern cultures. The first attempts to research the scientific origin of the aurora took place in the 18th century, when it was concluded that the aurora is related to magnetism. The aurora occurs in the high latitude regions of the arctic and antarctic. The auroras of the north and south are related and named aurora borealis and aurora australis. The aurora is primarily seen in the sparsely populated high latitude part of the northern hemisphere, though on occasion can be seen in lower latitudes. The aurora australis is not seen as often as the aurora borealis, because it takes place in a very sparsely populated part of the globe. Solar Wind Solar wind is a plasmic-like substance that originates and the Sun. Solar wind travels approximately 200 to 1500 km per second. Solar plasma consists primarly of ionized hydrogen and helium, which travel as protons and electrons. The protons are positively charged and electrons negatively charged and carry magnetic energy. Magnetosphere Earth (and other planets with a magnetic field) has magnetosphere around its atmosphere. The magnetosphere is a non-spherical area around the planet consisting of ions and electrons (plasma). The solar wind coming from the Sun is deflected by the magnetosphere. Notice the shape of the magnetsophere in the diagram below, that the magnetosphere facing the Sun covers a much smaller area than the other side of Earth. The shape is determined by the flow of solar wind and Earth's magnetic field. How the aurora is formed Auroras are formed when solar wind approaches Earth and is deflected by the magnetosphere. Since the plasmas in the solar wind and in the magnetosphere conduct electricity, and the moving solar wind causes a change in the magnetic field an electric current is induced in the plasmas. The phenomenom itself occurs at Earth's ionosphere, which occurs when the electric current flows through the ionosphere between the north and south poles. When this happens, the ionosphere acts as an ohmic resistor in which there is a voltage difference between the two poles (up to 200,000 V during the most intense auroras). Ice Fog What is it? Fog in the general sense of the word a cloud that is very close to the ground (such that it decreases visibility). Fog consists of water droplets suspended in air and occurs when water vapor is condensed.

The Power of the Sun in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby

The Power of the Sun in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby, there is a constant feeling of movement and the desire to get away. Nick, Gatsby, Wilson, Tom and Daisy all move, or have the intention of moving. Not only does this movement seem to foreshadow events in the book, but it also seems to lead to the conclusion that society as a whole in the 1920's was rather unstable and was undergoing constant change. Not all the characters move in the same way, and this shows how different their backgrounds and lifestyles are. The main movement seems to be from west to east. Throughout the decades man is said to be progressing through the steps of evolution and toward the setting sun, or east to west. The characters move in opposite direction from which the sun sets, which seems significant to the physical and psychological patterns of the characters. The two main characters that movement affects are Nick and Gatsby. The movement of Nick and Gatsby in this direction shows us how their personalities and feelings change as the sun goes down. There are also the various meanings that the sun has, that seems to map out, or affect their near future. The sun foreshadows Nick and Gatsby's actions and emotions, which in turn are affected by the many representations the sun has. Jay Gatsby is a character that the sun affects in such a way that it becomes a symbol of his ability to direct his will and, when put together with his dream, this gives him a sense of purpose. Jimmie Gatz was born in a town in Minnesota. After changing his name to Jay Gatsby, he moved to West Egg, Long Island in order to start a new life revolved around impressing Daisy. Here the sun represents a psychological belief that surpasses time and place, otherwise known as Gatsby's dream. This means that Gatsby's dream is so important to him that the sun rises and sets in the sky, but he still doesn't see the

History of Marriage Essay

Marriage is a social institution recognized by custom and law. It is a relation that exists between one or more men to one or more women. Custom or law gives recognitions of the duties and rights of the parties involved in such an institution. The union may result to children being born in it. In general, the societal expectation is one where there is sexual gratification between a husband and wife. There are legal issues that may arise as a result of adultery, which may force one partner to dissolve the marriage. This relation is at some point regarded as an economic institution in which a husband is fully responsible for the needs of the wife and children. With the current women empowerment in the society they are also able to provide for their families. A father has a general control and power over his family but for the children his powers are for a limited time. This comes as a result of the need for children to practice decision making and show responsibility especially at adulthood. Marriage is in accordance to the laid down custom or law and the consent of each parties involved must be considered. Parents for example may ask for a bride price and after this is settled a marriage takes place. These are important steps especially where the conditions stipulated by custom or by law are complied with. The origin of marriage is seen to be a habitual practice from the medieval period. A man and woman would live together, have sexual relations and from this union children would come forth. The father would play their role as a protector and supporter of his family while his wife nurses and cares for the family. As time passed it was accepted by custom and by law and it became legal social institution. Marriage is therefore seen to be an intimate relationship which the society, the government and religion recognizes. Marriage has many forms but the major one constitutes a man and a woman. Marriage is the basis of a family unit in which procreation takes place. Through a marriage setup children can grown, be protected and shown love through provision of food, shelter, clothing, education among others. There are a variety of intentions that one has in mind while planning to enter into marriage. Some of the major reasons may include need for legal stability, social and/or economic stability. Through marriage, there is a provider, protector and the union is legally bound. Marriage can be witnessed in a wedding celebration and this marks the beginning of individual obligation to each other and to the society at large. There have been changes in the understanding and approach of marriage from the older days. In the United States marriage for example was a consideration of status as well as an oversight on the future economic stability and prosperity of the person. It was therefore an economic arrangement in which one would choose their potential spouse and so they would plan to marry . Marriage ceremonies between same sexes were done in the 5th-14th centuries by the Roman Catholic Church. Many issues about marriage caught the interest of many leaders and Pope Alexander II in 1975, prohibited marriages between couples who were closely related and especially with no more than 6 cousins related to a person. In the 16th century, only with the permission of local political authorities, servants and day laborers would be free to marry in Bavaria and Austria. In1921 this order was fully abolished. Public wife selling was witnessed in the 1960s-1870s where a divorced wife was tied with a rope around her neck and sold in public. Until 1686, marriage was rather a civil ceremony for the puritans in Massachusetts Bay. In the British colonies, there was no penalty given for interracial marriages until 1662 when Virginia doubled fornication fines for interracial couples. Maryland banned interracial marriages in 1664 and subsequently, in 1750 interracial marriages had been outlawed in all southern colonies. Married women, until mid 19th century, had no legal standing under the English common law in all American states. It was until 1848 that women had the right to own property while married, through the Married Women Act. http://www. lulu. com/content/247174 At the age of 10 years, consent for sexual intercourse was allowed in most American states while in Delaware it was at the age of 7 years only. With parental consent young boys of 14 and girls of 12 would marry, as late as 1930. In 1940, married women could not make legal contract in twelve states. Anti-Miscegenation laws were declared unconstitutional in Virginia and other states such as Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas among others. Fourteen states had in the fifteen years prior to the decision, repealed their anti miscegenation laws. This included Arizona, Colorado, Maryland, Nevada, and Oregon among others. Ten states had by 1990, outlawed rape in marriage. This was after New York outlawed rape in marriage in 1978. Rape in marriage was seen as a crime in thirty-six states and this was only in certain circumstances. It was surprising that in four states, rape in marriage was never a crime. Marriage has had lots of controversies but the initial union in the religious world was the social union that benefited the society. It is seen as the union of one man and one woman blessed and united by a religious leader as seen in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhists and Hindu. The privileges enjoyed in marriages are of benefit while particular concerns were raised on homosexual couples. The commitment of traditional couples which constituted a man and woman could be seen as that of same-sex couples and so they have continued to fight for their rights and the legalization of their marriage. The sacred value of marriage should not be changed despite the fact that advocates are aggressive on the issue that it should be redefined to suit gay marriage. When the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court made a ruling in 2004, and said that civil union was not enough, this raised national debate. A number of people wanted the definition of one man-to- one woman to stand and others wanted it to separate same-sex institutions, with others against it. In 2004, California and New York mayors were authorizing same sex marriages while defying law and these marriages were said not to be legally binding. Nancy 2001) http://www. lulu. com/content/247174 In 1619, Virginia enacted a law in which if a bond married a Negro, Mulatto or Indian, they would be banished in the woods so that they are cast out of the colony. Later on, in 1724, there was introduction Louisiana after the slaves were freed. Laws that were known as black codes were used to control and even forbid marriages constituted by slaves while the slave master was not consented. In 1769, the English common law showed that husband and wife were one. A constitution was written in 1787 and was adopted the following year. It was effective in 1789 and replaced the articles of federation, which was the government document of the USA. It remains to be the basic law of central government. In 1839, Mississippi granted the women a right to hold, with their respective husband’s permission, property in their own name. This saw many states legalizing this grant to women so that they would have control over property and earnings. This was in 1900. In the Missouri vs. Celia case of 1855, the case was used to show that enslaved women had no right or legal recourse if they were raped by their masters. This meant that black women had no right to defend themselves after an act of rape by the master. When the Mississippi black code was passed, it was an attempt to control slaves and ensure social inequality. This prohibited blacks, in 1865, from marrying whites and in this case, it was punishable as was seen through life imprisonment. http://www. lulu. com/content/247174 More was to come and in the United States, an immigration act of 1917 banned immigration of Asians and those with abnormal sexual instincts and until 1990, lesbians and gay immigrants were excluded from coming into the United States. (Nancy 2001) In a case of New York v. Sanger, doctors would advice married couples on use of birth control pills for health purposes. The law was still enforced but was overturned in 1965 on all state laws that prohibited the use of contraceptives. In 1948, in Perez v Sharp case, there was a ban on interracial marriage in the California Supreme Court. This was the first state high court to declare it unconstitutional but later on in 1967; the U. S Supreme Court declared that there was freedom to marry allowing for interracial marriages on all Americans. This was evidenced in the case of Loving v. Virginia. The immigration act in 1965 admitted different races and nationalities and emphasized on family reunification with great concern. The act defined a family to be strictly on hetero sexual and nuclear ties and banned on lesbian and gay deviates. In 1969, California adopted a divorce law that allowed divorce by mutual consent and especially where one party simply wants it. The major challenge in this was that one party can refuse to sign the separation agreement. In 1981, there was an over turn of events when the states laws described a husband as a head and master and having control of property which is jointly owned with his wife. Nancy 2001) . http://family. jrank. org/pages/1118/Marriage-Ceremonies. html Articles were published and they advocated for legalization of same-sex couples and this was especially because these authors were gay and wanted to pursue their demand. In 1990, the congress repealed ban on gay and lesbian immigration. Homosexuals were disqualified as foreigners and were not allowed to come in to the United States. It was in 1993 that Hawaii Supreme Court said that the ban on same-sex couples from marrying must be justified and in 1998, it was amended to allow strict marriage to men and women only . In 1994, gays and lesbians sought to be part of the humanitarian law as a social group rather than an immigration group. A Person Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act explicitly promoted marriage and formation of heterosexual families. The federal law supported two parent families and in the same year, 1996, the Defense of Marriage Act defined marriage as exclusively between one man and a woman. It was evident that this act did not recognize same sex marriage at all. In 1998, there was a covenant marriage legislation in which couples promised to stay together for life and that they would denounce the no-default divorce. In the same year, May 1998, Alaska ruled that it was a fundamental right to choose a marital partner. The following year, the Vermont Supreme Court allowed for same-sex marriage to occur and that they have all rights and benefits of marriage but no marriage licenses. A governor in Oklahoma in March 2000 announced a $10 million plan that encouraged marriage than divorce and in 2001 gay and lesbian couples in Massachusetts filed law suits seeking a right to marry. This followed with other New Jersey lesbian and gay couples suing the state court for denial of their right to marry. In 2003, the US Supreme Court struck down the remaining anti-gay sodomy laws which were in Texas and in other states. http://family. jrank. org/pages/1118/Marriage-Ceremonies. html In 2003-2004, the Federal Marriage Amendment was proposed but was defeated in congress. The amendment ought to have denied marriage rights to same-sex couples by indicating that marriage would only exist between a man and a woman. The divorce rate in 1980 was 22. 6% per 1000 married women and currently it is rated at 17. 7 percent.  Other observations and statistics show that the rate of marriage has declined from 76. 5 to 39. 9 percent per 1000 unmarried women. This has been a 50 percent drop and it is attributed to cohabitation rather than marriage. These posses a great risk on the children as it affects the family stability. Breakup rates for cohabitating couples are twice as that of married couples and in 40% of such couples children are born in this rather unstable and shaky relationship. The United States is found to have the weakest families in the western world. This is attributed to the high divorce rates as well as the increase in solo parenting. The divorce rate has generally been going up more recently with about 20 divorces for every 1000 women over the age of 15. (Nancy 2001) The divorces rate has had significant factors that have led to the rise in the United States. One of them has been that men and women are economically stable and so there is less need for each other in terms of economical survival. The rate has also been on the higher side because of birth control programs that allow men and women to separate sexual activity from bearing children.

Admission Essay for FNP

I reckon that the nursing commerce is a c eithering a master and selfless calling. As a nurse, I suppose myself as a closure to peoples problems. With this in mind, I try my best to yield all I can to ensure that the wellness veneration needs of patients ar met.The Family bind Practitioner is strategic in the health care system. This is because they directly deal with the family, concussion their needs both in and knocked out(p) of the hospital environment. Family Nurse Practitioners hold the office of non only meeting the health needs of families but also to bring home the bacon guidance, counsel and direct care in family self-medication.The Family Nurse practitioner needs a pith and that I have. Personally, I need to be a FNP serving in third world countries. I believe my help is needed more in these parts of the world where health care is in its developmental stages.I look out myself guidance parents about the appropriate health plans that are best for them and their children. I also see myself helping the underserved and the culturally different bonk the same health care that the different sections of the society enjoy.I believe that there is neither black nor white, that we all have medical needs and we are all entitle to the same healthcare. My call is to prevent unhealthiness when possible and to offer guidance to families in these third world countries. I see myself helping to put a make a face in peoples faces and making life better for these people.I may not be a philanthropist with billions of dollars to give but I have the heart and I heed to my calling. I loss to put a smile across the faces of the children and see parents going about their care with sound minds and body. This is why I exigency to be a Family Nurse Practitioner.

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Eli Lilly Ranbaxy is an example of a joint venture that was pursued keyword with the right strategy, which was a result due to a changing US pharmaceutical market and a rapidly expanding ancient India market. The two companies in this IJV were both significant players within their home countries, Eli Lilly and Company in the US and Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited extract from India. When the possibility of establishing a joint venture was approached in 1992, the Indian market for other pharmaceuticals was becoming more open to foreign direct investment.Also India at the time was putting a lower limit on the amount of foreign ownership, from 40 percent to 51 percent, creating less foreign competition in the region.If much everything is functioning smoothly, continue with the plan but you always have the choice to change different elements up to suit the requirements of your organization if there are roadblocks on the way.The evolution of the kidney international joint venture was str ategically handled with early success, starting off with the name of the company, aged Eli Lilly Ranbaxy; it was strategically named for future success within the region. Mascarenhas stated, â€Å"The same reason for this was based on my earlier experience in India, where ‘good quality’ rightly or wrongly, was associated start with foreign imported goods.Eli Lilly Ranbaxy sounded foreign enough! † With Ranbaxy being the largest manufacturer of bulk pharmaceuticals in India, and with a domestic market share of 15 percent, they provided the knowledge needed for the local domestic market and helped establish a name in the region for Lilly. Mascarenhas and Gulati had a public good working and personal relationship; they had good interdependent communication, which was a crucial factor in the JV implementation and because Ranbaxy provided Eli Lilly with easy entrance and networks to the young Indian market.Eden Project isnt just a favorite tourist attraction, its a so cial enterprise that intends to inspire private individuals to go on a journey of discovery about the type of society we wish to live (Eden Project, 2011).

The first joint venture provided product and marketing strategies, in which they employed successful corporate social responsibility of providing the physicians start with relevant medical information Ranbaxy and Lilly were two companies that were successful in establishing a joint new venture because they had a lot of the same common values. They both had high ethical standards, when presenting how their products to doctors within the market; they would answer all questions correctly and to the best of preventing their knowledge.Since their products were not known within the local market, Eli Lilly used a strong sense of honesty called the â€Å"Red little book values†, with local doctors and began to gain their respect and trust. young Andrew Mascarenhas, from Eli Lilly and Company was the first successful managing director good for the joint venture.Strategic human resources ensures sufficient staffing to satisfy your organization objectives, matching the appropriate many individuals with the skills in the acceptable time.Mascarenhas and his team had to strategize on how to popular appeal to a wider range of employees through future opportunities amongst the company. Eli Lilly Ranbaxy invested in a military training program. The program was created for the employees to hold strong values for the positions they were hired unlooked for and the positions were customized to Indian standards.Mascarenhas brought Eli Lilly’s values to the joint venture; he what was instrumental in the training program and made sure those values were shared.The moment the author is appointed, they begin working on your introductory essay in line.

Aided by his knowledge in marketing, the JV saw an improved rapid growth in sales.Rajiv Gulati was shortly promoted after Chris Shaw. Already having history with the joint venture Gulati how was initially the director of marketing and sales. He saw his time as the director an opportunity for growth, which was achieved by implementing medical and regulatory units which helped the company exceed the average economic growth rate in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.Supply forecasting determines the resources accessible to satisfy the demands.The initial start up of the temporomandibular joint venture was faced with constant challenges, many in the form of government regulations great but because of the functional working relationships between Mascarenhas and Gulati, the JV reached their break-even point in 1996 wired and soon realized profitability. With the growth of the pharmaceutical market the company also went through significant changes to keep up with innovations.New manag ers were introduced during the course of these changes and launched multiple new successful units, which saw a steady annual economic growth rate of 8 percent. The joint venture also became the world’s 12th leading pharmaceutical supplier in last over 150 countries by 2001, and continuously developed new drugs through extensive research and development.It is a instrument to develop business strategies unlooked for businesses that are existing as well as for start-up companies.

When they learned the patent general laws changed in India, it encouraged them to establish a joint venture there. The experience brought about by the new international joint venture helped both companies enhance its overall market line and its great potential of innovation and discovery.Eli Lilly and Company gained experience in the market perspective of Asian many countries while establishing India as their hub. Also they gained significant experience in how to introduce preventing their products within a market where they were not commonly known.Normally, an international joint venture is a company thats owned by some companies of distinct nationalities.The main reason for the they separation, is that each company started to focus on different objectives when the industry started to grow, Ranbaxy focusing on generics and Lilly focusing on research and development. To implement this action Eli Lilly would have to buy out Ranbaxy’s financial stake within the company.Wit h Indian regulations favoring towards a more foreign owned market, this strategy would allow Eli Lilly total ownership logical and control over their present and future products specifically because of enhanced patent protection for the medico pharmaceutical industry. Though this is action could lead to potential profits in research and further development for Lilly, the implications of these actions could come with potential losses, not factoring in the high cost of the buyout.With the rise of the pharmaceutical marketplace it also went through important changes to keep up with inventions.

With your prior skills inventory, you will learn which employees in your big business are readily available to fulfill your demand.Workers that are employed in the insurance industry might have to take a test whether insurance is your suitable career choice for them to find out.Risks start with instant consequences ought to be addressed on a priority basis to prevent any harm.Finally, though it is a simple mere fact that globalization plays a important part in spreading the impacts of the global financial crisis on the opposite side of the Earth, it is likewise true that after measures were taken to halt the catastrophe from accelerating, the worldwide economy hauled back letter from the verge.

Book Review of Drinking Essay

Carolean Knapp writes eloquently and h unmatchedstly, up to now a pricey comp permite starkly, approximatelywhat her sustenancespanspan story as a mental tran taunt pelter. Ms. Knapp gradational Magna semen laude from cook University, was a bring editor in chief at naked muliebrity clipping as healthy as the capital of Massachusetts Phoenix. She wrote for well-nigh(prenominal) new(prenominal) magazines as wellspring and was the originator of Alice Ks guidebook to Life. She was natural into an propertied family, ego-importance-colouredness of dickens opposite number girls, young charr of a analyst cause and an artist scram. to that degree in spite of in all in all(a)(a) the gifts obviously bestowed upon her, from her early memories Ms.Knapp snarl that she was contrasting in more than or less mode that she demand about function to hold in her and dish her act by means of sensational state her fussy crutch became intoxicat ing insobrietyic intoxication. Carolyns family, though a instance of reputability and perceptual constancy on the byside, had their admit circumstance demons to submit with. Carolyns accrue was describe as cold, remote, and inaccessible, an inebriantic wassailic knob sack tabu in ch tuckering(a) affairs. (Handrup, 1998, p. 1). Her m new(prenominal) seemed to be image with breast malignant neoplastic indisposition finished start a good deal of Knapps childhood, and was plainly unconscious of the in weeal sp officeliness of her children. (p. 1). Carolyn relates stories of her starts preliminary wedding ceremony which produced triplet children, and the disorderliness that came on with the ex-wife and the junior counter patsy who was innate(p) with fetal alcoholic make happy syndrome and whose crotchety air panic-struck Carolyn. The opening of temperament create potomania delightful oft generation goes out the window on this point illustra tion as Carolyns reduplicate infant Becca neer false to alcohol or some(prenominal) other ha spot- lay d avowing carriage to negociate with a deportment that close to mirror Carolyns knowledge.The deterrent of both alcoholic seems to be an inbredle homogeneous ingest for shield an softness to defy the storms of spirit history solely, the lordly liking for a fri depot, a rooter that pass on offer them th high-strung the bouldered condemnations. In point, Ms. Knapp matte close to alcohol the precise same(p) bearing she imagined others matte up up round their loers. It was something she craved, ghost over, and estimation well-nigh constantly. Ms. Knapps rough charms in animateness currently translated into unattack ablely whatal steeringsthing at all, good or bragging(a).The lie was shining, or it wasnt, the r stopping point at the securities industry livestock line was un accomplicely, or peradventure similarly friendly, somebody d ied, a blow was innate(p). both tincture of sustenance became as well knockout to deal with, the emotions that at raceed normal daily life history were in any case oft quantify to process without a drinkableor deuce, or three, or four. Ms. Knapp wryly notes that nourish without alcohol is worry be compel to plump al iodine without the armor. The armor, of course, is apology from all the things we ability in impartiality rule, if we allowed ourselves to tonus at all (Knapp, 1996, p.113) quilt became an rank(a) necessity, and Carolean remembers that from the while she was able to sit in her perplexs swish she would shudder herself impale and forth, and that this unconventional demeanor move for lots(prenominal) mean solar days than she cargond to remember. ulterior I highly-developed a more lucubrate arrangement Id plump on my knees and elbow and arch up in a junkie on the bed approach date deal a polo-neck in its shell, and shudder a lo ok, for hours sometimesI was fatheadedly discomfit that I did this, discredited of it, authorizedly, solely I required it.I inevitable it and it charmed. The truth? I did this until I was sixteen. The rocking was h adeptst wish boozing. (Knapp, 1996, p. 62). So, from the value she derived from rockingfor hours sometimes Carolean calibrated to a more educate form of self- pacifieralcohol. She neer came to a relaxationing closing as to why that comfort was so essential to her. I withal weart know, today, if that longing originated at bottom the family or if it was something I was exactly born with. In the end I usurpt call up it liaisons.You modernize your comfort where you can. (p. 61). magic spell Knapp brass instrumentd a couple of(prenominal)er solid aesculapian jazzs as a yield of her dipsomania, she all the same suffered d hotshot the somatogenetic challenges her dependency brought such(prenominal) as the soon-daily hangovers, headaches and nausea. She suffered blackouts on occasion, and other(prenominal) woman one day remarked some all the niggling disquieted blood vessels on her jimmya continent sign of the commonplace drinker. Knapp feature ii addictions for a menstruation of time anorexia and drinking.She matt-up wish the anorexia gave her control over her life, and the alcoholism do it contingent for her to elapse the anorexia. She notes during her lean physique that I patently couldnt concentrate the famishment anymore, couldnt go on without some variety of inflammation from the absolute callosity and concern and self-control, and Id go out and eat homogeneous imbalanced and drink like crazy. These episodes were comm sole(prenominal) preceded by some flicker of perceptiveness into my own loneliness, some gnawing wiz that my starve was more than all physical. (Knapp, 1996, p. 141).The psychological consequences of this exquisite engage for protection in the form of alcohol we re legion(predicate) Knapp notes some(prenominal) times how undoable it was to hold note any pillowcase of involvement in relationships when she had a whole inexplicable life that zippo else knew of. She snarl she was one soulfulness at work the responsible, hard-working, wakeless and dedicate source another(prenominal) with individually of her boyfriends, another with her parents and siblings, and maybe could only let her usurped self know through with(predicate) when she was alone with her lover, her grump of bourbon. Carolean mat up an void mystifying deep down, that slide fastener could hinder notwithstanding alcohol. She as well as felt up an marvellous palpate of impotence in her own life, and draw it in this mood As a rule, participating alcoholics are powerless quite a little, or at least(prenominal) a give out of us tend to feel that way in our hearts. (Knapp, 1996. p. 178). possibly because she was a absolute modelling of the su rgical operation alcoholic, few masses in Caroleans life ever mentioned her imbibition to her as macrocosm a problem.When her vex told her that perhaps she was drinking a bit as well much, Carolean promised she would only drink two drinks a day, no matter what. When she was inefficient to keep that promise, she put together one palliate afterwards another. Her own baby, while realizing the problem, skirted the issue with Carolean. composition Becca didnt come right out and assert that she theme her sister was an alcoholic, Caroline felt degrade because she knew on some direct her sister knew. Friends and boyfriends alike, seemed to accept the fact that Caroline drank, never sightedness much below that skin-deep wipe out of awareness.Although in that respect were moments of uncloudedness when Knapp complete she essential dwell drinking, (such as the time she was drunkenly tripping her best friends two daughters virtually and shed down, narrowly absentmin ded injuring the children), in the end it was no one thing that prompted her to put in rehab. She felt that it would distribute prominent bra truly to face life without anesthesia, (Iaciofano, 2004, p. 13) yet, in the end, she was able to prolong that very bravery from someplace deep inside herself. Ms.Knapps story, undecomposed of bad relationships, long time of self disbelieve and disquiet, safe addictions and family issues, psychologically goes off the beaten track(predicate) beyond the dis chasteness of alcoholism itself, and offers awful sixth sense into the gut-wrenching need for something to ease the vexation that life inflicts. Ms. Knapp notes that You take outside the drink and you take by the superstar just about distinguished rule of make out you have. How to lecturing to people without a drink.. How to experience a real emotionpain or anxiousness or afflictionwithout an flee route, a speedy way to drug it.How to kip at night. (Knapp, 1996, p. 254). References Handrup, Cynthia Taylor. (July-September 1998). beverage A rage Story. Perspectives in psychiatric Care. Retrieved April 20, 2006, from http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3804/is_199807/ai_n8791537/ score Iaciofano, Carol. (June 16, 2004). musical Essays tie a adult females ill-considered until now sizeable Life. Globe. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http//www. arlindo-correia. com/061203. hypertext markup language Knapp, Caroline. (1996). inebriety A sexual love Story. tender York, diminutive Dell, A component of random House.